南郑县2011—2012年狂犬病暴露者处置情况比较分析

Analysis on Comparing the Situation of People Exposed to Rabies from 2011 to 2012 in Nanzheng County

目的比较南郑县2011—2012年狂犬病暴露者伤口处置间隔时间、狂犬病疫苗、狂犬病人免疫球蛋白接种(使用)率和24小时内及时接种(使用)率,为改进防控措施提供信息和依据。方法汇总、统计2011—2012年南郑县犬伤人及疫苗接种登记数据,比较两年间狂犬病暴露者伤口处置时间、狂犬病疫苗、狂犬病人免疫球蛋白接种(使用)率和24小时内及时接种(使用)率有无统计学差异。结果 2012年狂犬病暴露者暴露至处置间隔时间缩短,Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病人免疫球蛋白使用率和24小时内及时使用率较2011年有所提高,3个指标的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两年的狂犬疫苗24小时内及时接种率基本持平,无统计学差异。结论预防人间狂犬病的发生,首先要全面落实和提高犬、猫等宿主动物的管理及免疫,同时强化人群暴露后的及时、规范处置,不能单一强调人间狂犬病暴露后的狂犬病疫苗接种和狂犬病人免疫球蛋白的使用。

OBJECTIVE To compare the wound disposal intervals of people exposed to rabies, the inoculation rate of rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin, and timely inoculation rate within 24 hours from 2011 to 2012 in Nanzheng, to provide information and evidence to the improvement of prevention and control measure. METHODS To collect and make a statistical analysis on the registered data of people wounded by dogs and vaccine inoculation in Nanzheng from 2011 to 2012, compare the statistical differences of the wound disposal intervals of people exposed to rabies, the inoculation rate of rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin, and timely inoculation rate within 24 hours in these two years. RESULTS Comparing with the year of 2011, disposal intervals of people exposed to rabies have shortened the usage rate of rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin has improved in 2012. The differences of these three indexes has statistical significance（P0.05）.The timely inoculation rate of rabies vaccines within 24 hours did keep the balance in two years, and there is no statistical difference. CONCLUSION To prevent the incidence of rabies, firstly, it needs to fully implement the management and immunization of dogs, cats and other host animals. At the same, we should strengthen timely and normative disposal after people exposing, and cannot put the only emphasis on the usage of rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulin.