上海市某养老机构老年人社会支持的影响因素分析

Study on the Influencing Factors in the Social Supporting of the Elderly in Nursing Institutions in Shanghai

目的了解上海市某养老机构老年人的社会支持状况及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法应用社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表和孤独量表等测量工具对养老机构内160名老年人社会支持状况进行分析研究。结果经单因素分析,年龄大的老年人所获得的客观支持高(P<0.05);有配偶老年人获得的主观支持、客观支持及社会支持总分均高于无配偶者(P<0.01);与家人居住老年人获得的主观支持、客观支持及社会支持总分均高于与其他老年人居住者(P<0.01);有子女老年人获得的社会支持均高于无子女老年人(P<0.01);不同性别、文化程度和家庭经济收入的老年人在各方面的社会支持在统计学上无差异(P>0.05)。经逐步多元线性回归分析,影响养老机构内老年人社会支持总分的主要因素有性别、有无配偶、居住状况、体育活动频率、养老院居住时间和自我健康状况评价。相关性分析发现,养老院老年人抑郁分值、孤独分值与客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度和社会支持总分呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论影响养老机构内老年人社会支持的因素众多,社会及家庭应予以关注,共同为老年人营造幸福安康的生活环境,以提高其生命质量。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the social support of the elderly in nursing institutions and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for administration. METHODS A set of questionnaires, including general information questionnaire, social support rate scale, geriatric depression scale and loneliness scale were sent to 160 aged in nursing home. RESULTS The single factor statistical analysis showed that the elderly is easier to get objective support（P0.05）. The elderly who has spouse or live with family obtain higher subjective support, objective support and total score of social support（P0.01）. The childless elderly has lower social supports（P0.01）. Gender, education level and family income have no effect on social supports（P0.05）. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the social supports of the aged was mainly influenced by gender, marriage, living status, physical activity frequency, residence time and self-assessment of health condition. The depression and loneliness of the eldly were closely related to subjective support, objective support, utilization of support and total score of social support（P0.01）. CONCLUSION Multiple factors may influence the social supports of elderly. The society and family should concern it and set up a happy living environment for improving their quality of life.