特惠贸易协定关税减让的“美国模式”及其启示

Enlightenment on the U.S. Model in PTAs Tariffs Concession

自1985年与以色列签订其第一个特惠贸易协定,到2012年生效的美国-巴拿马特惠贸易协定,美国在特惠贸易协定的关税减让安排上已经形成了一套符合自身利益的"美国模式"。近期沸沸扬扬的TPP协定谈判,将是继NAFTA和CAFTA之后,"美国模式"第三次运用在多边特惠贸易协定上。"美国模式"在保证符合WTO规范的前提下,进一步扩大了美国的经济收益。近十年以来,中国相继签订了数个特惠贸易协定。中国在特惠贸易协定实践中也逐渐形成了关税减让方面的固定思路,但这种思路在与WTO规范的相符性上却存在潜在的被诉危险。合理借鉴"美国模式"的优势,能够帮助中国的关税减让安排在符合WTO规范的前提下扩大经济收益,也有利于未来中国的多边特惠贸易协定发展。

From the U. S. -Israel in 1985 to the U. S. -Panama in 2012, the U. S. has devel- oped a self-interested U.S. Model in PTAs Tariffs Concession. After NAFTA and CAFTA, the TPP Agreement will be the third time the U.S. using its U. S. Model on PTAs. The U.S. Model further expands the U.S. economic benefit on the premise of complying with the WTO rules. In recent ten years, China has signed several PTAs in succession. In practices, China has developed its own structure in Tariffs Concession. However, the structure may be complained by other WTO parties. Learning from the U. S. Model will not only expand China＇ s economic benefit, but also be favorable for the development of China＇ s PTAs.