从“直观”到“概念”——论克罗齐对康德知识论的改造

From “Intuition” to “Concept”:On Croce's Transformation of Kant's Epistemology

针对康德知识论的内在困难,克罗齐对康德知识论做了三个方面的改造:首先,克罗齐视"直观"为独立的精神活动,而不只是知识产生的必要条件;其次,"概念"是"具体的普遍",但不能脱离"直观的表现";再次,"直观"到"概念"的勾连,蕴含着思维的"跳跃"。克罗齐试图借此克服康德知识论的想象力难题,以将"精神活动"作为对象纳入到其精神哲学中。恰当地把握克罗齐改造康德知识论的路径,不仅可能彰显出康德问题的思想史意义,而且亦能折射出西方哲学在近现代的转变逻辑。

Based on the inherent difficulties imbedded in Kant~ epistemology, Croce transformed it in three aspects. Firstly, he took ＂intuition＂ as an independent spiritual activity instead of a necessary factor of knowledge. Secondly, the ＂concept＂ was ＂concrete universal＂, but could not be separated from the ＂intuition＂. Thirdly, the sublimation from the ＂intuition＂ to the ＂concept＂ was the process that combined the prior synthesis and ＂leap of thinking＂ at the same time. By this transformation, Croce intended to overcome the dilemma of Kant＇ s epistemology and took the ＂spiritual activity＂ as the object of Spiritual Philosophy successfully. To get the core of the relationship between Croce and Kant rightly is meaningful to understand Kant＇ s epistemology and the logic of transformation of Western Philosophy in the contemporary and modem periods.