不同物候期苦豆籽中8种生物碱含量的变化分析

Dynamic changes of alkaloid content in seed of Sophora alopecuroides at different phenological phases

目的 考察不同物候期苦豆籽中8种生物碱的含量变化,以确定苦豆子系列生物碱产业化生产中原药材的合理采收和有效利用苦豆子资源.方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测方法,色谱柱Waters X-Brige C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol·L-1的磷酸二氢钾溶液（2.0 mL·L-1三乙胺）,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长205 nm和311 nm,检测器为二极管阵列检测器（DAD）,柱温25 ℃,进样量10 μl,流速1.0 mL·min-1.结果 苦豆籽中不同生物碱的量随物候期呈现不同规律的变化,其中氧化苦参碱,氧化槐果碱和野靛碱的含量从8～10月份递增,槐定碱、苦参碱和槐果碱的含量随物候期的变化不大,且苦豆籽中氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱为主要的生物碱.结论 可根据苦豆籽中各生物碱量随物候期的变化规律及各生物碱的含量为工业化生产不同生物碱而确定苦豆籽的合理利用.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of alkaloid content in seed of Sophora alopecuroides at different phenologi- cal phases, and explore the optimal harvest period of Sophora alopecuroides L. and effective use of resources in the alkaloids industrializa- tion production. Methods The contents of main alkaloids from the different phenological phases were analyzed by HPLC. Chromato- graphic column： X - Bilge C18 column （250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm） ; Mobile phase ： acetonitrile （A） and 0.05 mol/L phosphoric acid solu- tion （B） ,gradient elution： （0 - 10 min,94% B;10 -50 min,87% B;50 -55 min,94% B） ;Flow rate：l. 0mL/min;Wavelength：205 nm and 311 nm. The column temperature：25℃. Results The contents of different alkaloids showed different variations with changes in phenological phases,which the contents of oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine and cytisine decreased from August to October; sophoridine, oxymatrine,and sophoramine increased from May to July;sophocarpine, matrine and Sophocarpine with the phenological phases did not change significantly. And the main alkaloids were oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine. Conclusion The results provide a basis for the ap- propriate harvest stage for the different alkaloids in industrial production.