“习行之学”与“六艺之教”——颜元学术思想的时代文化意义与文学表现

“Theory of Real Learning and Practice” and the “Teaching of Six Classical Arts”: On the Cultural Connotation and Literature Expression of Yan Yuan's Academic Thoughts

清代前期的思想家颜元从批评理学入手,探求儒家经典之原旨,以习行为中心构建了自己的思想体系。颜元强调外在的事功,将经世致用视为成为圣贤的条件,将"六艺"视为原始儒家思想的核心。在六艺之中,颜元又特别强调射和御,主张"文武相济"。颜元对儒家原始经义的探究在清代影响甚大。颜元所推崇的文武双全的豪杰,在通俗小说中有形象的表现,文人豪杰之事功在这些通俗小说中被发挥到了极致。在吴敬梓的《儒林外史》中,"礼乐兵农"被视为挽救世运、世风的最后手段。

Yan Yuan,a thinker early in the Qing Dynasty,criticized Neo-Confucianism,explored the essence of Confucian classics,and built his own ideological system on basis of real learning and practice. Yan Yuan emphasized extrinsic achievement,regarded administration and pragmatism as important condition of sage,and regarded the teaching of six classical arts as the center of the original Confucianism. He paid more attention to archery and chariot-riding among six classical arts,and advocated the capacity of both literary and military. His study on original Confucianism had a significant impact in the Qing Dynasty. The heroes of both literary and military capacity praised highly by Yan Yuan were visually described in popular fictions. The heroes＇ achievement was expressed to an extreme. In the novel of the scholars written by Wu Jingzi,rites,music,military and farming were regarded as the last resort to the society＇s future and social custom.