圈养大熊猫主食竹及其营养成分比较研究

A Comparative Study on Staple Food Bamboos and Its Nutrients to Captive Giant Panda

【目的】研究圈养大熊猫主食竹种类及其营养成分差异。【方法】通过对成都大熊猫繁育研究基地大熊猫采食情况进行为期1年的观察,2年饲养数据的统计,研究圈养大熊猫主食竹种类。同时,检测投饲竹及其各部位粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、能量、钙、磷和粗灰分等营养成分,并对此进行比较分析。【结果】基地圈养大熊猫嗜食各种竹笋,喜食巴山木竹叶、白夹竹茎和苦竹茎;主食竹笋中三月笋粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著高于白夹竹笋与方竹笋,粗纤维含量则最低;竹子中,粗蛋白变化规律为茎>枝>叶,粗纤维则呈现出叶>枝>茎的规律,且具显著差异性。【结论】圈养大熊猫具有选择CP和能氮比相对较高,而CF含量相对较低,适口性相对较好的竹子的特点。

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to reveal the preference for edible bamboos of giant pandas and the nutrients comparative of the staple food bamboos. [Method] We observed and recorded the foraging behaviour of 3 tested pandas for 1 year and collected the 2 years breed- ing data at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding to investigate the preference of giant pandas for edible bamboos. At the same time, the nutrient components, including crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, energy, calcium and phosphorus of staple food of bamboos were analysed and made comparison between each other. [Results] The captive giant pandas like all kinds of bamboo shoots, the leaf of Bambusa fargessi, the stem of Phyllostachys nidularia and Pleidolastus amarus. Among the staple food of bamboo, the mean content of crude protein and crude fat in Qiongzhuea opienensis shoot are significantly higher than those of Phyllostachys nid- ularia shoot and Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot, but its crude fiber content is the low- est. For bamboo, the nutrient components of crude protein and crude ash followed a pattern： leaf branch 〉 stem, but the crude fiber content presented another pattern〉 stem 〉 branch 〉leaf. [Conclusion] The captive giant pandas prefer to bamboos with higher content of crude protein,higher energy to protein ratio, lower content of crude fiber, the palatability also affected their for- aging behaviours.