二战后中国自由知识分子的民主想象

Democratic Thought of Liberal Intellectual after World War Ⅱ

在二战后的民主潮流中,中国的自由知识分子基于时代的要求,主张"中国型的民主"应当两条腿走路,即政治的民主与经济的民主必须兼得。因此,调和民主主义与社会主义,成为战后中国自由知识分子的共同愿望;在政治自由与经济平等之间,自由知识分子固然希望一张票与一碗饭兼得,但他们仍然理性地在二者之间进行价值序列的优先性选择;经济民主内部经济自由与经济平等的关系同样让自由知识分子颇费思量,争论的焦点在于计划社会是否必要。自由知识分子的民主想象凸显了他们的人民立场、建立现代国家的愿望以及从城市到乡村的目光转向,这些特点为他们在历史转折关头所作的选择提供了思想史的注脚。

After World War Ⅱ, Chinese liberal intellectuals insisted that democracy had two legs. That is to say, political democracy and economic democracy must be achieved concurrently. So democracy and socialism were in harmonious proportion. When it came to political liberty and economic equality, they be- lieved they were both important. At the same time they chose and gave up one of the two. With respect to e- conomic freedom and economic equality, the heated dispute focused on whether planned economy was nec- essary or not. The imagination about democracy of liberal intellectual took a stand of people. They expected building a modern country and turned their attention from city to countryside. For the above reason most of them chose the newborn state power in 1949.