北宋中后期三省决策与权力运作机制

Operation of power and Decision-making Mechanism of Three Provinces in the late Northern Song Dynasty

北宋神宗元丰官制改革以后,宋朝中枢机构由"中书门下——枢密院"体制转变成为"三省——枢密院"体制,改制后的"三省"代替了之前的"中书门下",成为宋廷主管民政事务的最高政务机构。随着政治环境、人事变动、派系斗争的变化,三省的权力运作与决策机制不断调整,而机制的变化也在促动着人为政治的发展。神宗时期由于中书省掌握取旨权,在三省中权力最大;元丰八年以后开始由中书省权重转向三省同取旨;哲宗元祐三年吕公著任平章军国事后,三省权力运作呈现出一体化的趋势;北宋末期权相当政,不断打破原有的三省权力格局,三省最终沦为宰臣专政的工具。

Song dynasty central agency were changed ' Zhong shu men xia-Shu mi yuan' into ' Three provinces-Shu mi yuan' in the system after the Shen Zong Yuan Feng Official Reform in Northern Song dynasty.Since then,Three provinces instead of Zhong shu men xia,and become the Song imperial administration highest government agencies,which were in charge of home affairs.With the changes in the political environment,personnel arrangements,factional fighting,the operation of power and decision-making mechanism of the three provinces begin to adjust constantly.The mechanism of changement also actuated the human political development.because of the the Zhong shu sheng mastered fetch purpose rights in Shen Zong period,it was the most powerful in three provinces.After Yuan Feng eighth year,Zhong Shu Sheng change great power and toward the three provinces with taking orders from emperor same time.ZheZong Yuanyou third year Lv gong-zhu assumed the office of Ping zhang Jun Guo Shi,the three provinces power operation showing the trend of integration.In the final of the Northern Song Cai-Jing came to power,and constantly break the original powers of the three provinces layout,three provinces reduced to prime minister in feudal song autocratic arbitrariness,abuse of power tools.