水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响

Effect of Cultivation Technique Measure on Rice Quality

稻米品质与水稻栽培技术措施是否得当有着直接关系,稻米已成为人们生活中的主食,其质量关系到人们的生活质量,因此必须解决水稻栽培技术对稻米品质的影响。研究表明,早育苗早插秧可提高精米率,降低整精米率而提高糊化温度、粗蛋白质、使胶稠度变硬。晚育苗,晚插秧,则稻米品质结果则相反。插秧方式过密、株行距过小,会导致糙米率、精米率、整精米率下降,垩白率增加,直链淀粉含量及胶稠度有所提高,蛋白质含量下降而米质变差。科学施肥既能提高稻米外观品质,又能改善食味品质,防治杂草及防治病虫害是提高稻米品质的重要技术措施,灌溉水质关系到稻米品质的优劣,收获时期与方法、仓储技术都会对稻米品质产生一定的影响。因此水稻栽培技术对稻米品质的影响不容忽视。本文从水稻育苗、移栽、施肥、除草、防治病虫、灌溉、收获、仓储等技术措施,对稻米品质影响加以简述,仅供生产优质稻米参考。

The factors to affect rice quality were described from seedling, transplant, fertilization, weeding, controlling diseases and pests, irrigation, harvest and storage, seedlings and transplanting early can increase milled rice rate, pasting temperature and crude protein, reduce head rice rate and gel consistency, the effect of seedlings and transplanting lately were opposite, too small plant and row spacing can lead to reduce brown rice rate, prQtein content, polished rice rate and head rice rate, increase chalkiness rate; amylose content and gel consistency, it can reduce quality of rice. scientific fertilization can improve both the appearance quality and gustatorius quality, control plant diseases, pests and parasitic weeds was important measures to improve the rice quality, at the same time, irrigation water quality, harvesting period and method,storage technologies were concerned with rice quality.