空肠弯曲菌的致病性及致病机制研究进展

Progress on Pathogenicity and Mechanism of Campylobacter jejuni

空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)是引起人类腹泻的主要致病菌之一,它也是重要的食源性致病菌,可通过食物链感染给人和动物,主要引起人的发热和急性肠胃炎,进一步还可引发心内膜炎、关节炎、骨髓炎等全身性疾病。自20世纪80年代以来,空肠弯曲菌就受到国内外的普遍关注,由于该菌感染的高发生率和造成的严重危害,有研究报道称它将是"下一个沙门菌"。空肠弯曲菌的致病机制主要包括侵袭、黏附、定植以及产生毒素,这一过程中多种毒力因子参与其中,像Fla、Peb1、CadF等与吸附和定植有关,CiaB、PldA等与侵入有关,还有细胞致死性膨胀毒素、细胞紧张性毒素等外毒素和内毒素。这些毒力因子在空肠弯曲菌侵袭宿主并引起其发病的过程中相互协调发挥作用。近年来对空肠弯曲菌的毒力因子检测和它们的致病机理已经有了初步研究。论文介绍了空肠弯曲菌对人和动物的致病作用,以及与致病相关的主要毒力因子的致病作用和致病机理,为该类病原菌毒力因子功能的研究,空肠弯曲菌病防治和空肠弯曲菌的免疫机制提供参考。

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the pathogens that can cause diarrhea,and it is also a main foodborne pathogen.This pathogen can infect human beings and animals through food chain,mainly causes fever and acute gastroenteritis,further can cause endocarditis,arthritis,osteomyelitis and other systemic disease.It has received widespread attention at home and abroad since the 1980s.Because of the high occurrence rate and harmful influence,it used to be reported as the next Salmonella.The pathogenic mechanisms of Camplobacter jejuni include invasion,adhesion,colonization and the production of toxins,many virulence factors are involved in this process,such as Fla,Peb1,CadF are associated with adhesion and colonization,CiaB,PldA are associated with invasion,toxins like cytolethal distending toxin,cytotoxic enterotoxin and LPS.These virulence factors can coordinate with each other in the process of invasion and causing disease.In recent years,detection of virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni and their pathogenic mechanisms have been studied preliminarily.This review introduced the pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni in human and animals,and the pathogenic effect and pathogenesis of the main virulence associated factors.It provides reference for the study of virulence factors′function of this kind of pathogen and theoretical basis for prevention and control of campylobacteriosis,and its immunity.