应用花培技术培育水稻籼粳交两系不育材料

Breeding stable two-line sterile material of indica-japonica hybrid using anther culture

【目的】快速将粳稻染色体片段渗入籼型两系不育系,获得稳定材料,便于亚种间杂种优势利用。【方法】对籼型两系不育系Bph68S与粳稻少孽粳杂交的F1,采用花药培养的方法,构建籼粳交DH系两系材料,并观察其杂种优势表现。【结果】对大田的种植株型进行鉴定,从242株绿苗中获得123个二倍体单株,其中41个单株具有两系不育系的特性;DH3S两系不育单株具有较强的杂种优势,与母本Bph68S相比,其有效穗降低(14.2±2.9)%,成穗率增加(21.5±5.8)%,株高降低(28.5±3.2)%。两系不育株DH3S与籼稻9311组配杂交种F1的成穗率、穗粒数和单株产量均高于Bph68S与9311组配的杂交组合。【结论】用籼稻两系不育亲本与粳稻杂交的F1花培构建DH两系不育材料,可快速获得两系不育系稳定中间材料,是快速获得籼粳交不育系的可行方法。

[Objective]Rapid introgression fragments of japonica to two-line sterile was conducted to obtain stable material could facilitate application of heterosis of subspecific hybrid.[Method]In this study,cross F1 between two-line indica Bph68S and japonica SNJ,was used for constructing two-line sterile material of indica-japonica hybrid using anther culture method to record the perfomance of superior hybrid in observation time.[Result]After identification of the plants cultured in field,123 diploid plants of indica and japonica hybrid were got out of 242 plants,which 41 plants showed characteristics of two-line traits sterile.DH3S two-line sterile plants,compared to its female parent Bph68S,its effective panicle was reduced by （14.2±2.9）％,mature panicle ratio decreased （21.5±5.8）％,and plant height was down by （28.5± 3.2）％.The spike rate,spike grains and grain yield per plant of the F1 of DH3s and 9311 were all higher than those of the combination between Bph68S and 9311.[Conclusion]Through anther culture of cross F1 between two-line sterile indica Bph68S and japonica SNJ to construct DH two-line sterile material is feasible for rapidly breeding new sterile line of indica-japonica hybrid.