文化变迁中的地方知识守望者——两本裕固族民族志之简要评论

The Guarder of Local Knowledge in the Cultural Change: Comments on the Two Ethnographic Books about Yugur

人类学需要不断反思,反思自我和他者的距离,反思学科本身的价值和存在的意义。在现代化的过程中,学校教育、大众传播、文化变迁在一个人口较少民族中如何带动整个社会变迁?地方知识在这样的变迁中如何应对?甚至于地方知识何去何从?在这样的思索中需要重新定位地方知识的价值,地方知识面对现代社会变迁显得苍白无力,如果认识到地方知识自身存续的价值,它一定会随着社会变迁展示出新的面孔。从这个意义来说地方知识必须变迁!很多情况下,学校教育阻断了地方知识自我选择和自我更新的链条,大众传播的主导声音掩盖了地方知识自身存在的真实价值,社区固有的地方知识在文化变迁的浪潮中随着社会变迁的历程渐行渐远,这些就是本文简评的两部关于裕固族的民族志展示给我们的学术思考。

Anthropology needs to continuously reflect upon its value and meanings as well as the distance between anthropology itself and other disciplines. How do the schooling, mass media, and cultural change drive the whole social changes in a minority in the process of modernization？ How does the local knowledge deal with the above changes？ What will be the destiny of local knowledge？ The local knowledge needs to be revalued when the above issues come a- long. Local knowledge is fragile to face the modern social changes. It would be in new image if this value is widely ap- preciated. From this perspective, the local knowledge must be evolved. The self- selection and self- renewal are blocked by schooling, the true value of local knowledge is concealed by main stream, and the inherent local knowledge is fading away gradually along with social and cultural changes. Those are the academic thoughts brought to us by the two ethnographic books about Yugur.