历版《新华字典》修订内容的时代特色

Time Characteristics of Content Modification of Previous Versions of Xinhua Dictionary

《新华字典》是我国迄今最具有影响力的一部小型汉语字典,其涵盖内容广泛,具有较强的准确性和科学性。由于再版修订次数较多,因而时代特色鲜明。笔者对1953年初版-2011年最新版的《新华字典》所修订的内容中能够体现出时代特征的部分进行了梳理,归纳了一些可以鲜明地反映出不同时代的政治、经济、文化、社会生活以及最新的具有网络时代特色的字和词。这些受时代影响所发生的变化主要体现于字形的增删和书写变动、字音的增音和改读、释义的时代科学性逐步增强、收词和书证的增减变化以及说明和附录的调整等方面。

Xinhua Dictionaryhas been the most influential small-sized Chinese dictionary in China with its wide range of contents, high accuracy and scientific features. It has been revised several times and each version is of strong time characteristics. This essay summarizes time features of Xinhua Dictionary from the first 1953 version to the latest 2011 version. Characters and words of political, economic, cultural, so- cial life features are summed up. Changes due to influence of time include addition or deletion of forming parts of characters, alteration of forms, pronunciations or definitions, inclusion or deletion of documentary evidence and alteration of instruction part and the appendix.