《新华字典》(2011版)中的亲属称谓研究

Study on Relatives Appellation Terms in Xinhua Dictionary (the 2011 Version)

2011版《新华字典》中收录的部分亲属称谓是同处在一个语义场的同一个层级的词语,无论是同性还是异性间在内容和形式上未形成合理的统一性。释义不够周延;辈分高低、性别区分表述不清楚;义项的增减不明确;字条收录不全面;配例顺序不合理。字典中的释文用语的选择和使用制约着配例的顺序性,影响着释文的严密性。尤其亲属称谓词语从辞书学的角度进行释义的同时,更应注重中国传统文化礼教思想为参照背景。《新华字典》这样一部权威性、科学性以及实用性最具影响力的现代汉语辞书,应进一步在整体依托部分,部分彰显整体中实现二者相辅相成的价值体系。

The relatives appellation terms included in Xinhua Dictionary, the 2011 version, are of the same level in the same semantic field. But either in content or form there is a lack of reasonable consistency for feminine as well as masculine appellations. Definitions sometimes are not complete without any clear distinction between generations or genders. There is no obvious indication of addition or deletion, no sense of completion, no reasonable logic of ordering the entires. Choice of words to define the terms restricts the ordering of the entries and hinders consistency. As backgrounds, relevant traditional culture and ethical code of conducts should be considered before relative appellation terms are defined in a dictionary,. As an authoritative, scientific and practical modern Chinese dictionary, Xinhua Dictionary deserves further ef- forts to realize the value system of ＂the whole depending on parts and parts reflecting the whole＂.