水体化学需氧量、生化需氧量和毒性在线检测技术研究进展

Advances in On-line Detecting Technologies of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Toxicity in Water

化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand,BOD)及其毒性是衡量水污染程度的重要指标,在污染监测、水处理运行管理及水质评价方面发挥着重要作用,其在线检测技术已经成为当前研究的热点之一。COD、BOD和毒性的传统分析方法分别以氧化剂消耗量、溶解氧变化量和生物群体变化数量作为定量依据,难以实现一体化检测。本文从COD检测,BOD及其与COD一体化检测,毒性及其与COD、BOD一体化检测等方面,探讨各种检测技术的优缺点。在综合分析基础上提出,采用非常规定量的方法可以实现COD、BOD和毒性一体化检测,这也是当前COD、BOD和毒性检测技术研究的发展方向。

The chemical oxygen demand （COD）, the biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） and the toxicity, which play very important roles in the detection of contamination, the analysis of the wastewater treatment plant, and the water quality assessment, are important indexes for representing the degree of the organic pollution in water bodies. The on-line detecting technology is a promising research area. The conventional determination methods of the COD make use of the consumption of the chemical oxidant as the quantitative basis. The BOD is measured through the dissolved oxygen consumption during the biological degradation as the basis in a conventional method. The conventional toxicity detection is carried out by using the variation of the biomass or the number of individuals as the basis. Therefore, the detecting integration of the COD, the BOD and the toxicity is hard to be made based on these conventional determination methods. The merits and demerits of testing technologies for the COD, the BOD, the toxicity and their integration are reviewed in this paper. An unconventional quantitative method is proposed to realize the integrating detection of the COD, the BOD and the toxicity, as an advance in on-line detecting technologies of the COD, the BOD and the toxicity.