先秦推类方法的模式构造及有效性问题

On the Module Constructing and the Effectiveness Questions of the Pre-Qin Analogy Method

援类而推的方法,是中国先秦时代特有的并广泛使用的一种思维方法。对于这种推类方法,古代先贤只给出了一系列的语义说明,没有而且也不可能给出一个形式语言的语形说明。如借助现象对事物的状态和功能及其所具有的规律进行描述的科学认识方法,我们今天可以尝试着给它构造一个推理模式,并通过分析它的思维进程、根据、推导原则及违反原则的错误,展现它的特点、能够成立的有效性及世代相传的普遍适用性。并进而了解其背后的逻辑原则、文化传统、人文精神,从逻辑与文化的角度增强我们对传统思维方法论意义、文化认同意义的感受。并在全球化的浪潮中,在越来越广泛的文化交流与沟通中,促进对传统思维方式的辩证扬弃,促进不同文化之间思维方式的沟通。

Reasoning by analogy was a unique and widely-used thinking method in pre-Qin era, but the ancient Chinese Scholars didn＇t and cannot give an explanation of the linguistic form, and only gave some semantic explanations about the method. Today we can construct an inference module for the method, analyse its inference process, premise, inference principle and the errors violating the principle, and demonstrate its characteristics, effectiveness and long universality making use of the scientific method. Thus we can understand the inner logic principle, cultural tradition, humanism behind the method, increase our feeling to the methodological meaning and the cultural identity of the traditional thinking, facilitate the dialectical sublation of the traditional thinking, and promote the communication of the thinking modes between the different cultures in the tide of the globalization.