日译汉中基于科技日语外来词词汇特点的词义选定

Identification of the Meaning of Foreign Scientific Words in the Translation from Scientific Japanese into Chinese

从科技日语的词汇特点着手,介绍了日语科技词汇中常用词汇的专业化,词义的多专业化以及构词形式多样的特点。在此基础上,探讨了科技日语汉译中词义确定的一些技巧。通过大量实例分析,得出结论:日语科技外来词词汇的特点和英语同出一辙。一是用常用词来表示专业用语词汇,二是各学科和专业共用一个词表达不同专业的概念。这是英语词义的一种突出的共时性特征,也是日语科技外来词词汇的特性。因此在确定外来词词汇的词义时,首先需要确定其是否为科技用语,然后确定其属于哪个科技领域,再选择确定其约定俗成的意义或者恰当的意义。

In this paper, a detailed introduction is made about the characteristics of the common words in Japanese of science and technology, such as the specialization of common words, multi-specialization of word meaning, and various types of word formation. On this basis, some skills on the determination of word meaning in Chinese translation from scientific Japanese are discussed. By the analysis of a large number of examples, it is concluded that the characteristics of scientific Japanese words are exactly the same with those of scientific English words. First, common words are widely used to represent the words of professional terms. Secondly, various disciplines share a word to express different concepts of different fields. This is not only an outstanding synchronic feature of the word meaning in English vocabulary, but also a feature in the foreign words in scientific Japanese. Therefore, in determining the meaning of a foreign word, first it needs to determine whether it is a scientific word or not, and then to determine which scientific field it belongs to, and finally to choose and determine its appropriate or conventional meaning.