黔西南州古茶树立地土壤养分分析

Analysis on site soil nutrients of ancient tea trees in the Southwest State of Guizhou Province

黔西南州地处云贵高原，生长着大量古茶树种质资源。这些古茶树具有进化上原始、抗逆性强，含有特异生化成分及抗逆基因等特性，是重要的茶树遗传资源。为了解黔西南州古茶树土壤养分状况，使其得到有效保护和高效利用对黔西南州古茶树集中分布区土壤的pH值和养分进行分析。结果表明，黔西南州古茶树立地土壤的pH值为4.00～6.09，QX-2，QX-3，QX-4，QX-8，QX-10，QX-11，QX-12均在最适合茶树生长范围；各取样点有机质平均值为82.70 g· kg-1、全氮4.05 g· kg -1、全磷2.33 g· kg-1、碱解氮含量192.73 mg· kg-1，在适宜范围内，速效磷20.95 mg· kg-1、速效钾158.39 mg· kg-1，属于缺乏范围，微量元素含量基本在茶树生长所需范围内。 QX-7取样点各营养成分含量较高，在很丰富范围内，其次是QX-6，而QX-8取样点各营养成分含量较低。

Southwest State of Guizhou Province locates in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau , where a large number of ancient tea germplasms was found .These tea trees are important tea genetic resources which are originally evolved , with strong resistance and specific biochemical composition .The site soil nutrient of ancient tea trees in the South-west State of Guizhou Province was analyzed .The results showed that the soil pH value of ancient tea trees was be-tween 4.00 and 6.09, the soil pH of QX-2, QX-3, QX-4, QX-8, QX-10, QX-11 and QX-12 was suitable for tea trees growth .Content of organic matter was 82.70 g· kg-1 , total nitrogen 4.05 g· kg-1 , total phosphorus 2.33 g· kg-1 and available nitrogen 192.73 mg· kg-1 , which were in appropriate level .The content of active phosphorus was 20.95 mg· kg-1 and active potassium was 158.39 mg· kg-1 , which were insufficient .Microelement content was with-in a desired range for the growth of tea plants .The nutrient content of QX-7 was higher , which belongs to the very rich range, then followed by QX-6.But the nutrient content of QX-8 was lower.