社会规则发生学探索——以哈耶克演进论理性主义为视角

An Inquiry into the Theory of Social Rules Genesis from the Perspective of Hayek's Theory of Evolutional Rationalism

秩序是事物存在的基本状态,也是人类认知的前提条件。社会秩序根植于自然秩序,社会规则是促进社会秩序形成的主要途径和方式。哈耶克作为20世纪最伟大的古典自由主义大师,其学术进路受休谟、亚当.斯密、斯宾塞等苏格兰思想家的熏陶,以理性不及知识观为逻辑起点,提出了与其自生自发社会秩序理论相适应的类似于生物进化的社会规则演化范式。社会规则生成的基本动力是利益博弈,社会规则的主要功能是实现个体及整体利益的最优化。社会规则是社会运行过程中调整社会关系稳定状态的概率函数,试错是社会规则演进的主要路径。

As the basic state of being,order is the prerequisite of human cognition.Social order is rooted in the natural order,and social rules are the main ways and means to promote the formation of social order.As the greatest master of classical liberalism in the 20th century,Hayek＇s academic approaches have been influenced by many Scottish thinkers,such as David Hume,Adam Smith and Herbert Spencer.Based on non-rational knowledge view as logical point,Hayek proposes an unconscious social rule developing paradigms similar to biological evolution in the social structure field which is adapted to his spontaneous order theory.The interest of the game is the basic motive force of social rules generation,and it is the main function of social rules to achieve the optimization interests of the individual and the overall.Social rules are the steady-state probability function of adjusting social relationship and stability during the process of social operation.Trial is the main path of the evolution of social rules.