小儿吸入性损伤的临床特征及防治

Clinical Features of Pediatric Inhalation Injury and its Prevention and Treatment

目的 :总结小儿吸入性损伤的临床特征 ,探讨其临床防治途径、方法和措施。方法 :统计 333例小儿烧伤合并吸入性损伤 ,分析吸入性损伤、休克、感染及其预后之间的相互关系。结果 :小儿吸入性损伤的休克和感染发生率分别为 47 64%和1 8 92 % ;合并中、重吸入性损伤者休克和感染发生率分别高达 65 85%和 31 96% ;有休克组感染发生率为 2 4 82 % ;死亡率 2 0 1 2 % ,直接死于感染者占 34 33% ,58 2 1 %有感染参与。结论 :全身感染是影响预后的重要因素。吸入性损伤、休克是感染发生的重要诱因 ,是确立高危感染病人的重要条件。有效地防治吸入性损伤和休克 ,对高危感染病人早期应用高效抗生素 ,可降低感染发生率和死亡率 ,提高吸入性损伤的治愈率。

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of pediatric inhalation injury and methods for its prevention and treatment. Method: A statistical analysis of 333 cases of pediatric burn complicated by inhalation injury focusing on the relationship between inhalation injury and shock and infection was made. Results: The incidence of shock and infection were respectively 47.64% and 18.92%. Those complicated by severe inhalation injury had shock and infection rate up to 65.85% and 31.96% respectively. For those had shock, the incidence of infection was 24.82% and death rate was 20.12%. 34.33% of them had direct death cause of infections and 58.21% had death cause related to infections. Conclusion: Systemic infection is an important factor affecting the prognosis. Inhalation injury and shock are causes inducing dangerous infections. Effective treatment of inhalation injury and shock and early application of efficacious antibiotics can reduce the infection rate and mortality. [