洗涤剂中磷的测算及其与社会经济因子相关分析

Determination of Phosphorus Contents in Detergents and Its Relations with Socio-economic Factors

通过对超市常见的14种不同类型的洗涤剂进行含磷测定,得到磷的负荷值,并以此估算了2001-2010年我国洗涤剂消费的磷污染负荷总量,同时探讨社会经济因子与洗涤剂磷消费污染之间的相关性。结果表明,被检测的不同类型洗涤剂中磷质量分数平均值分别为0.37%,3.98%和0.90%;其中35.7%的被检洗涤剂不符合国家标准规定的要求。对10年期间的洗涤剂消费产生的磷负荷值估算结果表明,洗涤剂磷消费年平均值达3.75×104t,并呈现逐年持续增加趋势,城市的磷负荷高于农村。我国城市化水平与洗涤剂磷污染负荷的相关系数达到0.89,说明城市化水平是我国磷消费污染的主要原因之一;环境Kuznets曲线研究表明我国仍处于倒U型曲线的左端,环境质量和经济发展还存在一定的矛盾。含磷洗涤剂消费带来的污染给环境带来巨大的影响,全社会应该引起重视,政府应推行更为有效的环保政策。

Phosphorus pollution is a global problem and the use of detergent is the main source of phosphorus in the sewage. Samples of 14 different types of local laundry detergents which are commonly used by consumers were analyzed, the load value of phosphorus were found and was used to estimate the total phosphorus pollution load of detergent consumptions in China from 2001 to 2010. The correlations between several social-economic factors and phosphorous consumption pollution were studied.The results showed that the average mass fraction of phosphorus in the detergents were 0.37%, 3.98% and 0.90%, respectively, among which 35.7% cannot meet the requirements of the national standard. Based on the test results during 10 years, it was found that the annual average of pollution load for phosphorus was 3.75 · 104t, and the load was increasing continually, and the phosphorus load in city was higher than that in countryside. Significant correlation between urbanization level and the phosphorus detergent pollution load was found with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, indicating that urbanization level is one of the main causes of phosphorus pollution in our country; environmental Kuznets curve research showed that our country is still at the left side of the inverted u-shaped curve, suggesting that there are some contradictions between economic development and environmental protection. Phosphorus pollution which was induced by detergent consumption should arouse the common concern of consumers, and the government should carry out more effective environmental policies.