医院获得性肺炎危险因素分析及防治策略

Analysis of the risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia and the prevention strategies

目的探讨中铁三局集团中心医院收治的81例医院获得性肺炎（HAP）患者的危险因素，以指导临床有效防控。方法选择本院确诊医院获得性肺炎患者81例作为观察组，同期住院未发生医院获得性肺炎的81例患者作为对照组，比较两组患者的临床资料。结果两组患者在住院时间≥14d、侵袭性操作、意识障碍、联合应用2种以上抗生素、应用抗酸药物、存在基础疾病等因素之间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应尽量避免各种危险因素，针对易感人群、重点科室和相关环节等方面进行有效干预是减少HAP发生的关键。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of 81 patients with hospital-acquired pneu- monia （ HAP）, in order to guide clinical effective prevention and control. Methods Eighty-one patients with HAP were chose as the observation group, and at the same period, 81 inpatients who had no HAP were chose as control group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results There were significant differences in hospital stay t〉 14 d, invasive operation, disturbance of consciousness, the combination of two or more antibiotics, the application of antacid drugs and the basic diseases between the two groups（P 〈0. 05）. Conclusions We should try to avoid the risk factors, and effective interventions for vulnerable populations, key departments and related links is the key to reduce the occurrence of HAP.