乌骨鸡黑色素三步法提取及结构性状研究

Three stage extraction and structural characters of melanin from black-bone silky fowl

采用"脱脂-酶解-酸解"三步法提取乌骨鸡黑色素,研究酸液脱除蛋白,分离乌骨鸡黑色素的工艺条件,通过透射电镜对乌骨鸡黑色素纯化效果进行观察,并用元素分析仪对其结构进行分析。结果表明:最佳脱脂工艺为乙醇回流脱脂4次,每次1h,料液比1∶2,此工艺条件下乌骨鸡油脂得率7.5%。脱脂后用蛋白酶C进行酶解,酸化的最优工艺盐酸浓度为2mol/L,回流时间为3h,固液比为1∶10,回流次数为4次,此条件下杂质脱除率最高,且条件温和,通过透射电镜可见三步法纯化的黑色素颗粒形态完整,边缘清晰平滑,无破坏痕迹,可用于降解和结构研究。根据元素分析仪推测乌骨鸡黑色素是一类有别于真黑色素及脱黑色素的特殊黑色素。

This study aimed to develop a method to extract melanin from black-bone silky fowl muscle by Skim- enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis ,to find better separation conditions of black-bone silky fowl melanin.The melanin was observed by Transmission Electron Microscope, and analyzed by element analyzer. The optimal conditions for protamex hydrolysis of black-bone silky fowl muscle were determined as follows.refluxing 4 times, refluxing time lh,and solid-liquid ratio ] ：2.Under this condition the removal rate was 7.5%.Then it was found that more melanin with a lower protein level was prepared from black- bone silky fowl muscle by the protease C, optimal acidification condition was hydrochloric concentration 2mol/L, refluxing time 3h, liquid- solid ratio 1 ~ 10, refluxing 4 times.Under this condition of the impurity removal rate was the highest.Through transmission electron microscopy the melanin by three-step purified was ellipsoidal and shape integrity particle,with clear and smooth borderline and without destruct.Element analysis of melanin showed that the melanin from black-bone silky fowl miaht be a suecail melanin which was different with eumelanin and Dhomelanin.