民族地区“教育致贫”原因探析——基于黔南、恩施“教育致贫”与延边“教育致富”的对比研究

On“Education-caused Poverty” in Minority Nationality Area——Based on the Comparative Study of “Education-caused Poverty” in South of Guizhou Province and Enshi and“Education-caused Wealth” in Yanbian

"教育致贫"是目前中国民族地区脆弱性贫困的突出问题。文章以民族地区"教育致贫"现象为主题,以贵州黔南布依族自治州贵定县、湖北恩施土家族自治州建始县为调查对象进行入户访谈,结合从吉林延边朝鲜族自治州回收的相关数据作对比分析,探讨中国少数民族地区"教育致贫"现象产生的直接原因和间接原因;并针对问题成因,就中国民族地区教育问题的相关政策提出建议:加强地区经济建设,增加居民收入;实施民族地区教育结构优化,提高教育质量;扩大教育资助帮扶范围,加大高中阶段教育帮扶力度;加大教育帮扶政策和理财意识的宣传力度;出台民族地区大学生回乡服务抵偿国家助学贷款的相应政策;端正对待教育的态度,提高家庭教育决策的科学性。通过一系列政策的引导,促使"教育致富",使民族地区教育事业平稳发展。

Currently, the education- caused poverty is a prominent problem in backward ethnic areas in China. The paper explores the di- rect cause and the indirect cause of ＂education- caused poverty＂ in ethnic areas in China by taking education- caused poverty as its theme, interviewing people from Guiding County in Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture and Jianshi County in Enshi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture and doing comparative analysis of the data from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefectm＇e. Meanwhile, aiming at the causes of these problems, the paper puts forward advice on relevant policies about education in ethnic areas. The advice include： strengthen the economic construction in ethnic areas to increase residents＇ income; optimize the education structure in ethnic areas to enhance education quality; expand the area aided by education funding and increase the education aid in high schools; promote the publicity of education - aided policy and financial awareness; introduce policies concerning loan deduction if college students in ethnic minority areas come back to work there after graduation; correct one＇s attitudes towards education;enhance the seientifieity of family education decision. Through a series of policy guidance,＂educationcaused wealth＂ and the stable development of education in ethnic areas can be achieved.