古代伦理学和现代道德哲学

Ancient Ethics and Modern Moral Philosophy

伦理问题和道德问题是实践哲学的两个基本问题。其中,伦理问题关注的是"人应当如何生活",而道德问题关注的是"人应当如何与他人共同生活"。从这个区分可以发现:实践哲学在古代表现为伦理学,在现代表现为道德哲学。伦理学和道德哲学在问题意识和理论形态上都有很大不同。根据罗尔斯和拉莫的观点,实践哲学从伦理问题转向道德问题具有深刻的历史背景。

Ethics and morality are fundamental issues in practical philosophy. Ethics is concerned with how one should live, while morality is about how people should live together with others. If this distinction makes sense, we may come t6 the conclusion that practical philosophy should be called ethics in ancient time, and moral philosophy in modem time. Ethics and moral philosophy is very different in question zone and theo- retical structure. According to Rawls and Larmore, it is against an important historical background that the moral turn from ethical problem in practical philosophy.