养儿还能防老吗——当代中国城市家庭代际支持研究

Could Bringing up Sons Still Provide for One's Old Age——Inter- generational Support Studies on Contemporary Chinese Urban Family

随着现代化进程的加快,我国城市家庭代际支持的状况、模式等都在发生变化。基于2006年全国综合社会调查数据,本文描述了当前我国城市家庭代际支持的状况,比较成年人对其父母经济、生活、情感支持的性别差异,通过检验权力、互惠、利他等三个理论模型探索代际支持背后的行为逻辑。数据分析结果显示,大多数人都或多或少会为父母提供支持,女性在对父母的生活与情感支持略多于男性。家庭代际支持的权力模型遭到质疑,互惠和利他模型则成为分析城市家庭代际支持问题更适合的框架,说明传统社会那种无条件的孝道已经不再是不言而喻的行为准则,"养儿防老"这种传统中国家庭代际支持模式已经不再普遍适用于当下中国社会。

With the speeding up of China＇ s modernization, changes have occurred to the status and logic of inter-generational support in urban Chinese families. The paper describs the status of inter-generational sup- port, compares the gender differences in grown-ups＇ economic, living and emotional support to their parents based on CGSS 2006 data. The author also explores through testing the hypotheses based on three theoretical mode and the altruism mode. The research result shows the behavior logic behind inter-generational support modes： the power and bargain mode, the mutual laid that： most people would support their parents to some extent while females give their parents more living and emotional support than males. The power and bargain mode is rejected whereas the other two fit the facts more. This implies that Confucian doctrine of filial piety is not the natural code of conduct, and the traditional inter-generational support mode of ＂bringing up sons to provide for one＇s old age＂ won＇t be prevalent in present China any longer.