福建省区域空气质量监测点位布设研究

Site Location Optimization of Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network in Fujian

近年来,随着经济快速发展,区域性大气污染问题频频发生。而目前以城市尺度和常规污染物为监测指标的空气质量监测网络已不能满足监控和研究我国大气复合污染的需要。建立区域空气质量监测网络已经成为目前我国大气污染控制与空气质量管理迫切需要解决的问题。文章结合空间相关分析思想与国家技术规范,建立区域空气质量监测点位布设方法,该方法分别考虑常规污染物、区域特征污染物、同时考虑常规、区域特征污物和考虑不同污染物权重等4种方案,开展福建省区域空气质量监测点位布设研究。结果表明,该方法能够成功应用于区域空气质量监测点位的优化布设,与仅考虑常规污染物和仅考虑区域特征污染物的优化结果相比,同时考虑常规、区域特征污染物的方案三优化结果的空间代表性更好,更能满足监测目标与点位布设的有关要求。

In recent years, China＇s key city clusters are facing serious regional air pollutions. The current air quality monitoring network mainly considering urban scale and conventional pollutants can not meet the needs for monitoring and studying the complex regional air pollution. Establishing a regional air quaiity monitoring network is an urgently issue needed to be addressed for regional air pollution control and air quality management in China. It presents an objective methodology for determining the optimum number of ambient air quality stations in a regional air quality monitoring network and its application in Fujian, China. The methodology integrates the spatial correlation technique with the relevant national technical standards and considers the following four representative scenarios： （1）conventional pollutants （SO2, NO2 and PM~）; （2） pollutants with regional characteristics （Oa and PM2.s） ; （3）combination of（1）and （2）plus others; （4）weight of the different pollutants. The results shows that the proposed methodology could be successfully used for determining the number and disposition of stations in a regional air monitoring network, and the Scenario 3 considering both conventional and regional pollutants could better represent the regional characteristics and more extensively reflect regional air quality.