贵阳市云岩区2～6岁儿童孤独症现况调查

Prevalence of autism among young children aged 2-6 years in Yunyan district of Guiyang city

目的了解贵州省贵阳市云岩区2～6岁儿童孤独症的流行现状。方法采用整群抽样方法从贵阳市云岩区60家幼儿园中随机抽取12家幼儿园，以抽样单位中3211名2—6岁在园幼儿作为研究对象，采用克氏孤独症行为量表进行筛查，对于量表总分≥7分者进行现场排查，经排查后可疑患儿由2名儿科神经专科副主任以上医师依据美国精神疾病诊断手册第四版中儿童孤独症的相关诊断标准进行临床诊断。结果共调查3211名儿童，男童1741人，女童1470人，检出儿童孤独症患儿7例，检出率为21．80/万；患儿全为男童；年龄最小3．34岁，最大4．78岁，平均年龄（4．12±0．62）岁；各年龄组检出率差异均无统计学意义（X^2=0．06，P=0．814）；汉族检出率为19．96/万，少数民族检出率为28．32/万，差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．18，P=0．67）。结论贵阳市云岩区幼儿园2～6岁儿童孤独症检出率较高，男童的检出率明显高于女童。

Objective To examine the prevalence of autism in 2 - 6 years old children in Yunyan district of Guiyang city. Methods Using completely random cluster sampling method,we chose 12 from 60 kindergartens in Yunyan district and 3 211 young children aged 2 -6 years were seleted from the kindergartens. Clancy Autism Behavior Scale （CABS） was used for screening and the suspected autism children with CABS scores of i〉7 were diagnosed according to the crite ria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder（4th ed. ） （DSM-IV）by two pediatric neurologists. Results The total number of the children surveyed was 3 211 （ 1 741 males and 1 470 females）. Totally 7 male autism cases were diagnosed ,with a prevalence of 21.80/10 000. The age of the cases ranged from 3.34 to 4. 78 years ,with an average age of 4. 12 ± 0. 62 years. There were no differences in the prevalenc rate of autism between the children of different age （X^2 =0. 06,P =0. 814）. And the prevalence rate of autism was 19.96/10 000 for the Han nationality and 28.32/10 000 for ethnic minorities, without significant difference between the two groups （X^2 = 0. 18, P = 0. 67）. Conclusion There is a high prevalence rate of autism among 2 - 6 years old children in Yunyan district of Guiyang city and the prevalence rate is higher in the males thala in the females.