论易代修史

On Documenting Former-Dynasty History

易代修史是中国史学史上一种重要而极富政治意涵的史学现象,而历代的"正史"修撰正是这种现象及其意涵的典型表现。它从班固断代为史开端,中经唐代官修正史的型塑,最后形成了易代修史的规制和传统。在发展过程中,它呈现出三种趋向,即从私修走向官修、从个人修史走向集体修史、从追求"成一家之言"到突出皇权正统。易代修史除了存一代之史、正一代得失的旨趣之外,还注重为易代之际的文化秩序构建历史观念基础,从对治统和道统谱系的书写之中完成易代阐释,建立新的文化秩序。

Documenting Former-Dynasty History is a historical phenomenon with great importance and highly political implications for Chinese historiography. Documentation of ＂official history＂ of past dynasties is such a representative, that dated from Ban Gu, then the Tang-Dynasty, and finally came to shape as a system and tradition. In the development process, it indicates three trends： from private to official, from individual to the collective, and from seeking exclusive outlook to highlighting the imperial orthodoxy. Documenting Former-Dynasty History not only records a dynasty＇s history, but also lays a historical foundation for inter-dynasty cultural systems. Therefore, a new cultural order will be established by interpreting former-dynasty history of governance and orthodoxy systems.