个体化视角下劳工维权的行动与困境

Action and Dilemma in Labor Advocacy: From the Perspective of Individuals

利用劳资纠纷的个案资料,从个体化理论视角分析劳工维权的行动特征和深层困境,发现劳工在维权过程中存在权利意识不明晰的特征,表现出传统礼治下的"理"性行动模式。在社会个体化转型中,个体法权意识未获全面生长、国家治理实践对劳工利益不够重视、个体被抽离但是无从嵌入,这些因素的交互作用是造成劳工维权困境的深层原因。个体虽然实现了地域流动,脱离了原有的无所不包的制约性关系范畴,但同时,他们的合法权利经常得不到维护和保障。中国流动人口的个体化是一种部分个体化。

Based on dispute cases between labor and management,this paper analyzes the action features and dilemma of labor rights advocates from the perspectives of individuals. It is found that the labor's right consciousness is not clear in the rights protection process,showing the 'rational'action features as derived from feudal ethics and rites. In the social transformation of individualization,individual right consciousness has not been fully developed; state governance practice does not attach importance to the interests of labor, with individuals being separated but not embedded. As a result,the interaction of these factors is the deep cause for labor rights predicament. Individuals enjoy geographical mobility and have been freed from previous all-encompassing social categories. But their rights are not well protected. The individualization of rural migrant workers is only a kind of partial individualization.