交易成本理论视角下的政府购买社工服务:模式比较与策略选择——以广州、深圳的实践为例

Government Purchasing Social Work Service in the Perspective of Transaction Cost Theory: Model Comparison and Strategy Selection——With Guangzhou and Shenzhen Practice as an Example

近年来随着社会工作事业在内地的不断发展,一些地方政府正在以购买社会工作服务的方式来转变某些职能。在珠三角地区,政府购买社工服务的实践模式主要有两种:以广州为代表的项目购买模式和以深圳为代表的岗位购买模式。两种模式特点鲜明,各有利弊。项目购买模式机构与政府职能分离,社工服务整体成效比较高,但存在政府激励成本和监督成本高、委托——代理关系下易产生道德风险的缺点;岗位购买模式利于社工服务在各层面的迅速开展,但存在政府协调成本较高等弊端。政府购买模式的选择有不同策略,应呈多元化趋势且应符合当地的实际情况。

With the continuous development of social work in the mainland in recent years,many local governments have begun to purchase social work service,suggesting a form of functional transformation. In the Pearl River Delta region,there are two main types of government purchasing social work services: Guangzhou pattern of project purchase and Shenzhen pattern of position purchase. The two models has distinct characteristics,with their respective advantages and disadvantages. The project purchase pattern separates the functions of the government and the agency and therefore brings about higher efficiency in social service, but the government has to pay a higher price for motivation and supervision and there are moral risks in the entruster-entrsutee relationship. Position purchase pattern is conducive to rapid operation of social work service at all levels,but the government has to pay a higher cost for coordination. The government should have different strategies in purchasing social work services and diversify their choices to meet the actual local conditions.