从“终点”到“方向”:生成性思维视域中的教育目的观变革——兼论“教育的本质就是潜能的激发”

From “End”to “Direction”:Transformation of View of Educational Aim in the View of Generative Thinking——Also on "the Essence of Education is to Stimulate Students' Potentials"

在预成性思维的框架中,教育目的就是受教育者通过教育后应达到的"终点"。预成性教育目的要么导致学生发展的集体平庸,要么导致集体失败,而且它还难以适应社会的变化。在生成思维的视域中,教育目的指示着受教育者发展的"方向"。在当前,急需实现教育目的观从"终点"到"方向"的转换。生成性教育目的能够促进学生个性化发展,能够及时反映社会变化,并给学生以发展的自主权。在生成性教育目的观看来,学生具有无限的发展可能性,教育的目的就是促进学生"更好的发展",知识只是实现教育目的的手段,教育的本质在于激发学生的潜能。

In the framework of predetermined thinking, educational aim is seen as the ＂end＂ that educatees should arrive at through education. Either the predetermined aim of education leads students to the mediocrity collectively, or causes the failure of the student collective, or it is diffi- cult to adapt to social changes. However, in the perspective of generative thinking, the educational aim is regarded as the ＂direction＂ of educatees＇ development. At present, the view of the education- al aim needs urgently to transform from ＂end＂ to ＂direction＂. Generative aim of education can be beneficial to the development of students＇ quality, and be able to reflect social changes. Besides, it can be helpful for students＂ autonomous development. For view of generative aim of education, the students have unlimited possibilities of development; the purpose of education is to promote students better development. And knowledge is only a means to achieve the aims of education; the essence of education is to stimulate students＇ potentials