关于伍子胥“掘墓鞭尸”若干问题的辨析

On the Possibility of Wu Zixu's Opening of the Grave of King of Chu Kingdom and Whipping of His Corpse

我国历史上向有掘墓辱尸的恶俗。多种古籍都记载了伍子胥掘墓鞭尸的事。宗法制度下为父兄复仇具有时代的正义性。伍子胥刚烈的个性和强烈扭曲的复仇心理,使他有可能作出掘墓鞭尸的出格行为。古代良好的防腐保尸技术,使鞭尸成为可能。屈原歌咏伍子胥,是从他忠于君国,却无辜遭受腐恶势力打击,迭遭厄难,身死国灭的悲惨境遇中,慨叹自身命运并担忧楚国前途,并非歌咏他的暴虐行为。孔子等人的儒学观念,影响了他们对伍子胥复仇这一史实的记载、删削或篡改。

In China's history,there was always an evil custom of opening tomb and insulting corpse.Many ancient books recorded Wu Zixu's opening of King of Chu Kingdom and insulting of his corpse.In patriarchal clan system,it was regarded as a justice to avenge for father and brothers.Wu Zixu had a strong-minded personality and a contorted psychology of avenge,which made it possible for him to do such things as opening grave and flogging corpse.Qu Yuan praised Wu Zixu in his poems for his loyalty to the emperor and the kingdom,not for his cruel behavior.The writer of this article maintains that it was Confucianism that influenced later scholars' record,deletion and distortion of the historical fact of Wu Zixu's avenge.