溃坝事件中的人因失误分析

Analysis of human error in dam break accidents

目前许多溃坝事件中都存在人因失误,在水利工程中对溃坝事件的研究往往集中在工程因素方面,而对人因失误的研究很少.对我国1954—2010年的3 500多座溃坝事件中的人为因素进行研究,并挑选板桥水库、沟后水库及小海子等14座水库典型溃坝事件进行具体分析,研究探讨其内在规律和联系,得出导致人因失误的主要原因为管理人员专业技术不够、违反操作规定、经验不足、责任心不强以及缺乏预防意识,分析研究结果可为水库的安全管理提供一定的借鉴作用.

There always exists human error in lots of dam break accidents at present. The reaserches on dam break in water conservancy projects are often focused on engineering factors, and little is done on human error. Human factors in 3500 dam break accidents from 1954 to 2010 in our country are studied in the paper, 14 dam break accidents including dam break events of Banqiao reservoir, Gouhou reservoir, Xiaohaizi reservoir and so on are analyzed, and the interior rules and relations among them are investigated. The analysis results show that technology shortage, violation of reseroir operation rules, insufficient experience, lack of job responsibility and poor preventive sense are the main causes of the human error. These analysis results can give a positive reference to the managerial staff engaged in the safety management of reservoirs.