贵州喀斯特山区大型土壤动物多样性研究

Study on the Diversity of Soil Macrofauna in Karst Mountainous Area in Guizhou Province

为了解贵州喀斯特地区土壤动物生物多样性特点,选取贵州4个典型喀斯特山地为研究区进行大型土壤动物多样性和群落特征分析。得出如下结论:(1)4个研究区共获得的大型土壤动物分别隶属于3门8纲21目,共21个类群。优势类群为4类(占总个体数的10%以上),分别是鞘翅目(占19.7%)、腹足纲(占17.86%)、蚁科(占17.03%)、蜘蛛目(占11.69%)。(2)大型土壤动物的类群数依次是荔波>毕节>清镇>花江;荔波研究区采集到20个类群,该区土壤动物类群组成相对完整,可以作为喀斯特生态系统退化程度的参照标准。土壤动物个体数依次是荔波>清镇>毕节>花江;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数反映出与类群数同样的结果:荔波>毕节>清镇>花江。喀斯特生态环境因子的改变对腹足纲、蜘蛛目、带马陆目等类群的组成结构和数量产生了很大的影响,可以作为喀斯特生态退化程度的指示种。(3)相似性分析表明,毕节研究区大型土壤动物群落与荔波最相似,生态环境较好,清镇次之,花江最差,同时也与其石漠化等级程度相吻合。

In order to study diversity of soil macrofauna of typical karst mountainous area,apreliminary study was conducted in four typical karst mountainous areas.A total of 599soil macrofauna belongs to 3phylums,8classes and 21order.Among them,the dominant groups were Cloptera,Gastropoda,Formicidae and Araneae,which account for to 66.28% of total individuals.Analysis on four kinds of ecological environment of soil macrofauna community structure showed that number of groups was in the order of LiboBijiQingzhengHuajiang.The density was in the order of LiboQingzhengBijiHuajiang.Diversity was in the sequence of LiboBijiQingzhengHuajiang.The change of eco-environmental factors brought significant impact on the community characteristics and quantitative qharacteristics in some groups.These groups including Gastropoda,Araneae and Polydesmida can be considered as an indicator of eco-environment.The results showed that similarity of soil macrofauna community characteristic in Libo and the Bijie was the most similar.This characteristic also reflected the features of degradation degree in Karst rocky desertification area.