土地利用变化对区域生态服务价值的影响研究

Research on Regional Ecological Service Value Based on Land Use Changes

本文利用三峡库区1996年、2000年和2005年土地利用数据,采用动态度模型和生态服务价值模型,分析了耕地、林地、草地和水域这四种土地利用系统结构和生态服务价值的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)1996—2005年林地、水域面积在增加,耕地和草地面积在减少;林地、水域增长的速度较快,而耕地、草地减少的速度较慢。(2)三峡库区1996年、2000年及2005年土地生态服务价值分别为485.96亿元、726.32亿元和902.29亿元,林地的生态服务价值占主导。(3)经济发展会影响区域生态服务价值的提升,尤其是城市化对生态服务价值的负面影响最为明显。(4)生态服务价值的分区变化比较明显,但是高价值区和低价值区变化比较小。(5)从生态服务价值的内部结构来看,水源涵养的功能占主导。

To analyze the rule of land use structure and the ecological value change of four kinds of land（farmland,forest land,grassland and water areas）,dynamic degree model and ecological service value model was used.The land use data of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 1996,2000and 2005were used.Some interesting and significant findings have been obtained.（1）During 1996—2005,the areas of forestland and water areas had been increasing,on the contrary,the areas of farmland and grassland had been decreasing.While the increase rates of forestland and water areas are fast,the decrease rates of farmland and grassland are slow.（2）The land ecological service values of three gorges reservoir area in 1996,2000and 2005were 48.59billion yuan,72.63billion yuan and 90.22billion yuan,respectively,and the value of forestland played a leading role.（3）Economic development can affect regional ecological value promotion,especially urbanization,playing the most obvious negative role.（4）Changes in ecological service value division are relatively obvious,but changes in high value division and low value division are small.（5）From the perspective of the internal structure of ecological service value,water conservation function plays a leading role.