“将马”新释

TheNew Explanation of“Jiang Ma”

"将马"一词出现于《韩非子·解老》对老子之言的阐释中,韩非认为在战争频发造成战马匮乏的情况下,"将马"被送上战场,是老子所言"戎马生于郊"的意旨所在。通过对"将"字在甲骨文、金文中字形及其在文献中用例的分析,可知"将马"的"将"字当与"牸"同义,既可表示雌性,又有产育之义,"将马"即"牸马"。先秦时期马的饲养繁殖具有季节性,且注重对妊娠母马的保护,而战事多发的冬季正是母马孕期的后段,如果把待产的母马在此时当作战马使用,则会出现老子所言战马在郊外产驹的情况。因此,"将马"是指怀孕的母马。

The word ＂Jiang Ma＂ appeared in the interpretation of Laozi＇ s words in Han Feizi ~ old solution. Han Fei believed that the true meaning of ＂military horse＇ s born in the suburbs＂ said by Laozi was sending ＂Jiang Ma＂ to the battlefield under the circumstances of scarce horses caused by the frequent wars. By the analysis of the character ＂Jiang＂ in terms of its shape and using cases in the literature of Oracle and Jin, we can find the character ＂Jiang＂ has the same meaning with the character ＂Zi＂, which means not only female but pregnant. In the period of pre - Qin, the horse breeding was seasonal and people must pro- tect female horses when they were pregnant. In the time of winter when the fighting waseasy to erupt, the female horses were iust in the forced to be used as war horses, the mares would Laozi. Therefore, the word ＂Jiang Ma＂ just refers later stage of pregnancy. If possibly foal in the outskirts to the pregnant female horses. they were as said by