价值链分工、劳动力市场分割与国民收入分配结构

Value Chain Division,Labor Market Segmentation and the Structure of National Income Distribution

国民收入分配关系不仅取决于要素供求结构,也与产业的国际竞争优势有关。文章通过一个纳入价值链分工和劳动力市场分割的计量分析模型,对分省区的劳动收入占比影响因素进行了考察。研究发现,价值链分工地位加剧了国民财富分配失衡问题,二元经济分割导致沿海地区的工业部门劳动力供给相对过剩,使工资增长远落后于经济增长,从而在总量上我国的劳动者整体报酬率呈现不断下降的态势。分区域回归分析还发现,国际价值链分工和二元经济的国民收入分配效应具有阶段性特征。文章的政策含义在于,提高我国的劳动收入占比不仅要对劳动力市场工资形成制度进行干预,更重要的是要促进产业的价值链攀升,提高国民经济的价值创造能力。

The national income distribution relationship depends not only on factor supply and de- mand structure, but also on international competitive advantages Of industries. This paper explores the influencing factors of provincial labor income share by an econometric model with the introduction of value chain division and labor market segmentation. It shows that the value chain division status exac- erbates the problem of imbalance in national wealth distribution and dual economic structure results in the relative surplus of labor supply of industrial sectors in coastal areas, leading to wage growth far be- hind economic growth and thereby the continuously decreasing tendency of the overall return rates of labor at the aggregate level. The sub-region regression analysis shows that the international value chain division and national income distribution effect of dual economy have periodical characteristics. It pro- vides the policy implication that the rise in labor income share in China lies in not only the intervention in wage formation system of labor market, but also the promotion of the increase in the value chain sta- tus of the whole industries and the rise in value creation capability of national economy.