中国中小型民营企业的被迫国际化——以制度环境与创新能力影响下的共生性依赖为视角

Forced Internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Private Enterprises in China:From the Perspective of Symbiotic Dependence Affected by Institutional Environment and Innovation Capability

以往国际化理论致力于探究企业进行国际化的动因并将企业国际化看成是一种主动行为。然而,忽视制度背景的国际化理论显然对中国中小型民营企业的国际化现象解释乏力。基于此,文章构建了共生性依赖与国际化的关系模型,并运用第九次全国私营企业调查数据进行实证分析。研究发现,中小型民营企业对商业生态系统的依赖程度越强,则越倾向于选择国际化战略以降低这种依赖程度;当所在区域市场化程度较高时,企业有机会选择其他适应性战略来降低对外界的依赖程度,其国际化迫切性反而减弱;随着企业创新技术能力水平的提升,企业更有能力降低对商业生态系统的依赖程度,也更有动力进行国际化。文章呈现了更符合中国实际情况的中小型民营企业国际化路径,针对现有理论提出了有力的竞争性分析框架—"被迫国际化"。

Previous internationalization theories make efforts to explore the motivations for inter- nationalization and regard corporate internationalization as active behavior. However,internationaliza- tion theories neglecting institutional background obviously provide poor explanation for the internation- alization phenomenon of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. This paper constructs a model concerning the relationship between symbiotic dependence and internationalization and makes an empir ical study by the ninth national survey of private enterprises. It reaches the following conclusions：first Iy, stronger dependence of small and medium-sized enterprises on business ecosystem leads to greater tendency towards internationalization to weaken this dependence; secondly, in locations with high-de gree marketization,enterprises have the opportunity to choose other adaptable strategies for the pur pose of the reduction in the dependence on the outside world and their urgency of internationalization weakens instead; thirdly, with the rise in innovation technology capabilities, enterprises are more able to reduce the dependence on business ecosystem and have more motive for internationalization. It presents an internationalization route of small and medium-sized enterprises which is more in line with the actual situation in China and suggests a more competitive analytical framework,namely forced internationali zation,on the basis of existing theories.