烤烟雄性不育杂交种制种技术研究

Studies on the techniques of MS F 1 flue cured tobacco hybrid seeds production

为了解决烤烟杂种优势利用的杂交制种问题 ,从柱头活力、花粉活力、单株留果数、盛花授粉季节、授粉方法及制种效率方面进行了系统的杂交制种技术研究。结果表明 ,2列和 3列柱头活力强 ,花开前 1d到花开后 1d的柱头活力强 ;烟草花粉常温常湿保存 4d或常温干燥保存 15d有很强的活力 ,常温干燥贮存 1年仍有较强的活力 ;单株留 80果的种子产量高、质量好 ;盛花期在 7月下旬比在 9月上旬的制种结实率高 ,种子质量好 ;采用毛笔法授粉效率高 ,每人每天可生产 4 0 0～50 0g种子。

To solve the problems of flue cured tobacco hybrid seeds production, a series of researches on stigma vitality, pollen vitality, fruit quantity per plant, flourishing florescence season, pollination methods and hybrids production efficiency were studied. The results showed that vitality of stigma with 2 or 3 rows was stronger. The strongest time of stigma vitality was from one day before blossoming to one day after blossoming. Pollen remained adequate vitality after 4 days’ preservation under normal temperature or 15 days’ preservation in desiccators, and pollen still remained vitality after being preserved in desiccators for one year. Plant with 80 fruits produced high yield and quality seeds. Hybrid seeds production efficiency was higher when flourishing florescence in the last ten days of July than in the first ten days of September in Guizhou. One person could produce 400 500 g hybrid seeds per day with the brush to pollinate flower.