2BMFY-4型玉米免耕播种机研制与试验

Research and Development of 2BMYF- 4 Intelligent No- till Maize Planter and its Field Experiment

针对山东省小麦玉米一年两作轮作区的农艺特点,以及小麦收获后秸秆覆盖量大、免耕播种玉米时容易产生堵塞等问题,研制了2BMFY-4型智能玉米免耕播种机。设计了苗带浅旋动力防堵结构,能防止小麦秸秆在排肥开沟器耧腿上的堆积;设计了垂直勺盘式排种器与种肥一体式开沟器相结合的形式,能够有效降低排种高度并提高播种精度;研制了株距调节变速器,播种作业时能适应多种玉米种植农艺规格和不同玉米种子公顷株数的要求。根据免耕播种机田间高速作业时性能监测的要求,研发了可视化分布式的播种作业性能监测系统。播种试验结果表明,动力防堵单体解决了相邻两组施肥播种开沟器的拥堵问题,通过性良好,种肥施播深度变异系数分别为17.2%,18.6%,株距合格率为97.2%,监测仪计数精度96%,播种作业效率和精度明显提高;免耕播种时,一次可同时完成小麦秸秆粉碎后抛、小麦根茬破碎、开沟施肥、播种、覆土镇压等多个农艺环节,作业费用降低了30%左右;作业时,刀轴上甩刀入土浅,动土量为20%,土壤扰动小。

Based on the agronomic characteristics with yearly maize-wheat rotation and large amount of straw cover after wheat harvesting and blocking during no-till maizeplanting in Shandong Province, a new-concept no-till wheat-maize planter, named 2BMYF-4 intelligent no-till maize planter, has been researched and developed by researchers from Shandong University of Technology to solve some extremely important problems, such as chopping and covering standing wheat stubble in one-stop operation in double cropping areas of Shandong Province in China. The combined anti-bloc-king device composed of powered chopping axle and the planting unit with chisel opener was designed. The planting spacing regulation transmission was used to meet the needs of different planting densities. In order to meet the require-ments of automatic monitoring of farming quality and quantity of large scale precision seeders, an intelligent system with video monitor function for gauging and monitoring seed and fertilizer was researched and developed. Field performance test results at Zhangqiu, Zhangdian and Zhoucun showed that this planter could accomplish many procedures, such as stubble chopping, furrow opening, seed and fertilizer placement, suppressing, etc, in one-stop operation, thus the oper-ation cost could be reduced by about 30%. The machine worked very well for planting maize while shattering standing wheat stubble. The powered chopping axle resolved the anti-blockage problem ahead of shank, and the double-chisel o-pener unit reduced the blockage between planting units, thus the cross-country ability of the planter was improved. Meanwhile, the coefficients of variation（CV） for fertilizer and seed depth were reduced to 17.2% and 18.6% , respec-tively. The free-swinging knife of the planter can cut straw stubble in shallow soil with less than 20% soil breakage, which can prevent soil degradation. Therefore, this machine will be a good solution to no-till wheat-maize planting in double cropping areas.