论帛书《五行》篇的“见而知之”与“闻而知之”说

Discuss the Statement of Knowledge with Observation and Hearing in the Ancient Silk Book of Wu Xing

《孟子》有"见而知之"与"闻而知之"说,但语焉不详。早于《孟子》的帛书《五行》对"知"、"之"以及见知与闻知的结果——智、圣进行了全面的界说。"闻而知之"的"之"指"君子道","见而知之"的"之"指"贤人"及贤人之德。"知之"的"知"包括心知与践行,心知强调内心的体验与积极思考,在帛书《五行》中即为"思"。践行是在心知基础上的实践。智、圣既是实践主体认知领悟的能力,又是实践主体经由见知、闻知而形成的德行境界,它们还是天人到德善的转折点,是五行与四行的关键。

The ancient classic of Mencius mentioned that knowledge could be gained with observing and listening ,but it did not elaborate it .The silk book WuXing written before Mencius discussed them in de-tail .Knowledge gained with listening means gentleman ethics ,knowledge gained with observation means wise men or virtues of wise men .Knowledge includes understanding and practice .Knowledge emphasized inner experience and positive thinking （namely Si in the book） .ZHI and SHENG is both practical ability based on the know n practice and ideological level ,they are also the key of Wu Xing and Si Xing .