自然保护区移民生态补偿定量研究——以内蒙古乌拉特国家级自然保护区为例

Ecological Compensation Quantitative Study on Nature Reserve Ecological Emigrants:Taking the Urad National Nature Reserve as An Example

以内蒙古乌拉特国家级自然保护区为例,基于生态系统服务理论及生态足迹理论和方法,对比分析保护区移民迁移后对保护区生态环境的贡献,并结合当地社会经济情况,核算和对比生态移民的补偿标准。结果显示:基于生态系统服务变化的补偿标准下限建议为每人17 830元,基于生态足迹变化的补偿标准上限建议为每人25 810元。本案例研究有助于推进自然保护区生态移民补偿理论研究,为我国民族地区生态工程建设中生态补偿标准的制定提供科学依据。

Ecological migrants play an important role in protecting ecosystems and environment in nature reserves. Fair, reasonable compensation standards should be established for ecological migrants to ensure the sustainable development of nature reserves. Traditional compensation stands fail to consider the objective ecological contribution of ecological migrants, which cannot provide reasonable compensation. Taking the Inner Mongolia Urad National Nature Reserve as an example, the current study analyzed the contribution of local migrants. Ecosystem services and ecological footprint theory were used to reveal the contribution of local migrants. Compensation strands were also calculated with migrants＇ ecological contributions considered. Results indicate the least compensation standard should be 17 830 RMB yuan per capita（based on ecosystems services changes）and the largest compensation standard is 25 810 RMB yuan per capita（ based on ecological footprints changes） for ecological migrants. We thus suggest a compensation standard of 21 820 RMB yuan for each migrant. The current case study is helpful in promoting ecological compensation theory, especially for the ethnic regions in China.