地波雷达在海面风场探测的应用

Wind field detection on sea surface by high frequency radar

高频地波雷达是获取海洋气象探测资料的重要设备。详细介绍了高频地波雷达探测中的几个关键理论,对雷达的探测原理进行了阐述。高频电波可以在地表进行远距离传播,具有垂直极化特征的高频电波能够最大程度抑制传播过程的衰减,使电波能够进行远距离探测。海浪的动力主要来源于风,而海浪具有布拉格散射特性。海面传播的高频电波被海浪后向散射,对散射波进行反演能够得到海面风场的信息。地波雷达能够探测大范围,远距离的海面风向风速资料,并且不受恶劣海况的影响,因此地波雷达将作为一种不可替代的探测数据来源发挥重要作用。

High frequency radar （HFR） is one kind of important devices to acquire meteorological data on sea surface.Some key theories were introduced in detail in the paper,and the principle of wind field detection was introduced.High frequency electromagnetic wave （HFEW） can propagate to long distance on surface.The HFEW with vertical polarization character attenuate less in propagation and that makes long distance detection possible.The power of sea wave comes from wind,and it has Bragg Scattering character.HFEW is scattered backward by sea wave.Wind field can be extracted from scattering echo wave according to Barrick＇s formulas.HFR can supply wide range and far distance wind field information on sea surface even in bad climate conditions.Thus HFR will become more and more important and will not be replaced.