从《普宁》的“不可靠叙述者”看纳博科夫的叙事美学与伦理诉求

An Interpretation of Nabokov's Narrative Esthetics and Ethical Claim from the Perspective of Unreliable Narrator in Pnin

《普宁》是纳博科夫第一部引起美国读者广泛注意和欢迎的小说。其故事感人、设计精巧,且小说的人物塑造紧密融合于小说的复杂的叙述之中。纳博科夫通过叙述者讲述的普宁、读者心目中的普宁、自己创造的普宁以及普宁自己等多重角度的塑造和精巧的叙述策略,刻画了严谨治学、善良敦厚、勇敢坚强的普宁形象,不仅打破了传统小说的叙事模式,挑战了传统的叙事等级,而且提出不能无视他人的痛苦、在别人的痛苦中寻找欢乐的严肃的伦理诉求,同时也实现了对俄罗斯流亡知识分子身份与角色的道德思考。

Pnin is Nabokov＇s first warm-welcomed and wide-recognized novel in American. It tells a touching story in the intricately-designed manner, and is intensely and integrally concerned with moral question in a fashion inseparable from the manner of the work itself. By presenting Pnin in the multiple perspectives of the narrator,the author, the reader and the character himself, Nabokov creates the portrait of Pnin with a down-to-earth academic attitude, a kind generous heart and unyielding courage. It not only undermines the traditional narrative paradigm, challenges the fixed boundary of conventional narrative hierarchy, but also reminds the ethical responsibility that we should never ignore other＇s paining, or draw enjoyment form other＇s suffering and provokes great thought on the identity and role of the Russian intellectual exiles as well.