有机无机复混肥减量施用对烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of reduction application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

于2012年通过田间试验研究了有机无机复混肥减量施用对烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：与常规无机肥处理相比，复混肥处理烤烟各农艺性状参数值及产量和产值均有所降低。其中，不同试验点烤烟移栽后50d和采收前1d烤烟株高分别降低2％～15％和0～3％，茎围分别减小4％～9％和4％-6％．最大叶宽分别减小0．20％和3％～11％，平均叶面积比常规无机肥处理低5％～14％和4％～8％。与常规无机肥处理相比，复混肥处理初烤烟叶产量下降了5％～15％，产值下降了6％～13％。基肥中较低的无机氮施用量可能在一定程度上制约了烟苗的早生快发及烟株的生长发育，从而影响到初烤烟叶的产量与产值；与复混肥处理相比，复混肥减量处理采烤前1d烟株茎围、最大叶面积和平均叶面积分别增加1％～5％、2％～12％和0-5％。同时，复混肥减量处理对烤烟产值有一定的提高作用。与复混肥处理相比，不同试验点复混肥减量处理初烤烟叶产值提高了0-8％。在较少无机氮投入的条件下，有机无机复混肥有着较大的节肥潜力。

A field experiment was carried out to study effects of reduction application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in 2012. The results showed that, compared to the conventional inorganic fertilizer treatment, the agronomic parameter, yield and quality decreased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment. Tobacco plant height decreased by 2%-15% and 0-3%, tobacco stem thickness decreased by 4%-9% and 4%-6%, the maximum leaf width decreased by 0-20% and 3%-11%, the average leaf size decreased by 5%-14% and 4%-8% in the three field experiment, 50 days after transplanting and the day before harvest. Compared to the conventional inorganic fertilizer treatment, the yield and output value decreased by 5%-15% and 6%~13%. The lower inorganic nitrogen in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatments may restrict the early growth and quick tiller of tobacco seedling, the growth and development of tobacco plant, thus affected the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Compared to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment, the tobacco stem thickness, the max leaf size and the average leaf size increased by 1%-5%, 2%-12% and 0-5%, respectively, in the reducing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment the day before harvest. Meanwhile, the reducing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment had some promotion effects on the output value of tobacco. Compared to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment, the tobacco stem thickness, the output value of tobacco increased by 0%-8% in the reducing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has much potential of fertilizer-saving on the condition of lower inorganic nitrogen application.