从“哀希腊”的译介看晚清与“五四”时期的浪漫主义革命话语建构

Translating “The Isles of Greece”: The Construction of Romantic Revolutionary Discourse in Late-Qing and May 4th Movement Literature

拜伦及其诗作"哀希腊"在晚清的传播,历经多种版本的翻译与介绍。梁启超与马君武等晚清革命派将拜伦的希腊形象投射于中国现状,直接言说着浪漫主义——民族主义革命诉求。期间虽然夹杂着王国维影响甚微的批评,但随着苏曼殊对拜伦形象充满个性化的翻译与阐释,"革命"逐渐成为晚清末期知识界对浪漫主义的基本认识。尽管"五四"对晚清一直保留着激进的拒绝态度,在浪漫主义这一问题上却完全继承了晚清,并通过一系列以苏曼殊与拜伦为核心的哀悼、纪念与重塑,将多声部浪漫主义简化成了民族主义革命话语。

Having been translated and introduced by several scholars, Byron and his ＂The Isles of Greece＂ were widely spread in Late-Qing China. Projecting Byron＇s Greece on to China, the translators such as Liang Qichao and Ma Junwu intended to bring into China romantic nationalist revolutionary discourse. Against the revolutionaries＇ Byron image, Wang Guowei offered his harsh but marginal criticism. Later, with Su Manshu＇s original translation and interpretation of Byron, revolutionary romanticism became a common understanding in Late-Qing. May 4th Movement intellectuals radically rejected those forerunners＇ interpretations, but inherited the legacy of Late-Qing. Through series of mourning, memorial and image reconstruction of Su Manshu and Byron, May 4th Movement intellectuals successfully reduced the Romantic heteroglossia into one discourse： nationalist revolutionary discourse.