针管式人工降雨装置的设计与应用

Design and Calibration of Needle-tubing Artificial Rainfall Device

针对目前现有降雨装置的特点和不足，结合天然降雨的特征，设计了适合于实验室使用的针管式人工降雨装置，该装置可以精确模拟不同降雨强度、降雨量、雨滴大小、降雨历时等条件下的降雨。采用对比的方法，结合IPP、Origin等分析软件，对降雨装置进行了测试和率定试验，得到降雨强度公式和雨滴色斑公式。结果表明：当降雨高度为1．6m时，装置的降雨覆盖面积为196250mm^2，降雨强度范围为0～15mm／h，雨滴粒径为O～10mm，降雨均匀度〉90％。与天然降雨相比，该装置产生的模拟降雨更稳定、可靠，可以减少相关试验研究的误差。将该装置应用到压实黏土的溅蚀试验中，得到溅蚀量与降雨条件的关系。

For the characteristics and shortcomings of currently available rainfall devices and combining with the char-acteristics of natural rainfall, needle-type artificial rainfall apparatus was designed for laboratory use. It can accurately sim-ulate different rainfall intensity, rainfall, raindrop size, rainfall duration and other conditions under the rain. With contras- ting approach that combines IPP, Origin and other analysis softwares, devices were tested on rainfall and calibration test, which gets the stain raindrops and rainfall intensity formulas. The results show that, when rainfall height is 1.6 m, the de-vice rainfall coverage is 196 250 mm^2, rainfall intensity range is 0-15 mm/h, raindrop size is 0-10 mm, rainfall uniformi-ty exceeds 90%. Compared with natural rainfall, simulated rainfall the device generates is more stable, reliable, and can re-duce errors related to the pilot study. The device was applied to compacted clay splash test so that the relationship be-tween splash erosion and rainfall was got.