山芝麻茎叶的生药鉴别

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE LEAF AND STEM OF HERB MEDICINE HELICTERES ANGUSTIFOLIA

目的 :研究山芝麻的茎、叶的性状 ,显微及理化鉴别特征 ,供鉴别真伪参考。方法 :常规性状鉴别法、显微鉴别法 (包括电镜扫描法 )、理化鉴别法。结果 :全体密被星状毛 ,单叶革质 ,长椭圆形或条状披针形 ,常有蒴果宿存。显微鉴别特征 :多数星状毛 ,叶下面具发达的气孔窝 ,气孔指数 39.3～ 43.7～ 48.0 ,栅表比 12 .8～ 15 .9～ 17.5 ,脉岛数 4.0～ 8.7～ 11.0mm-2 。茎横切面韧皮纤维束与筛管群、韧皮薄壁细胞相间排列 ,粉末中可见大量韧皮纤维束、晶纤维、分泌细胞、草酸钙方晶及簇晶。理化鉴别特征 :可能含有黄酮类成分 ;乙醇提取液的三氯化铝反应(+ ) ;无水乙醇提取液有两个吸收峰 2 0 9± 2nm和 2 75± 2nm。结论 :性状、显微、理化鉴别特征稳定 ,不受不同采收期因素的影响 ,可作鉴别依据。

OBJECTIVE:To studies the morphological and histological characters of the stems and leaves of Helicteres angustifolia and their physico chemical for identifying.METHODS:Routine morphological identification method and microscopical and scanning electron microscope method,physico chemical method were employed.RESULTS:The stem and leaves are covered by stellate hairs,the simple leaves are coriaceous ,long elliptical to lanceolate,often have capsules.microscopical characters are many stellate hairs,many stomatal pits under the leaves,the stomatal index 39.3～43.7～48.0,the palisade ratio 12.8～15.9～17.5,vein inlet number 4.0～8.7～11.0 mm 2 The phloem fiber bundles of stem are abundent and altemate with sieve tubes in several layers.The powder character are phloem fiber bundles,crystal fibers(fibers with sheath of crystal cells),druse and secretory cells.The stem and leaves may contain flavones,their alcoholic extract has yellow to yellow green fluorescence,for the UV λ max of alcoholic absolute infusion 209±2 nm,275±2 nm CONCLUSION:All the above mentioned characteristics are very steady and they will not changed with the harvest seasons and can be used for identification.